Experimenting with garbage collection algorithm.

ast-generator/src/ast_node/enum_ast_node.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn make_enum_ast_node_impl(enum_spec: &TreeEnumBuildSpec) -> TokenStream {
                             let child_ident = format_ident!("{}", node_child.node_kind().to_case(Case::Snake));
                             quote! {
                                 #type_ident::#rule_ident(#child_ident) => vec![
-                                    #child_ident.as_node_ref()
+                                    #child_ident
                                 ]
                             }
                         }
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ pub fn make_enum_ast_node_impl(enum_spec: &TreeEnumBuildSpec) -> TokenStream {
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
     
     quote! {
-        impl AstNode for #type_ident {
+        impl<'a> AstNode<'a> for #type_ident {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>> {
                 match self {
                     #(#match_arms,)*
                 }
             }
 
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef {
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a> {
                 AstNodeRef::#type_ident(&self)
             }
         }

ast-generator/src/ast_node/leaf_enum_ast_node.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
+use crate::spec::leaf_enum_spec::LeafEnumBuildSpec;
 use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
 use quote::{format_ident, quote};
-use crate::spec::leaf_enum_spec::LeafEnumBuildSpec;
 
 pub fn make_leaf_enum_ast_node_impl(spec: &LeafEnumBuildSpec) -> TokenStream {
     let type_ident = format_ident!("{}", spec.build());
     quote! {
-        impl AstNode for #type_ident {
+        impl<'a> AstNode<'a> for #type_ident {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>> {
                 vec![]
             }
-            
+
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef {
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a> {
                 AstNodeRef::#type_ident(&self)
             }
         }
     }
-}
+}

ast-generator/src/ast_node/leaf_struct_ast_node.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ use quote::{format_ident, quote};
 pub fn make_leaf_struct_ast_node_impl(spec: &LeafStructBuildSpec) -> TokenStream {
     let type_ident = format_ident!("{}", spec.build());
     quote! {
-        impl AstNode for #type_ident {
+        impl<'a> AstNode<'a> for #type_ident {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>> {
                 vec![]
             }
-            
+
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef {
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a> {
                 AstNodeRef::#type_ident(&self)
             }
         }

ast-generator/src/ast_node/mod.rs

@@ -70,4 +70,35 @@ pub fn make_ast_enum_member(build_spec: &BuildSpec) -> Option<TokenStream> {
                 #type_ident(&'a #type_ident)
             }
         })
+}
+
+pub fn make_ast_node_ref_unwrapper(build_spec: &BuildSpec) -> Option<TokenStream> {
+    match build_spec {
+        BuildSpec::Enum(enum_spec) => {
+            Some(format_ident!("{}", enum_spec.build()))
+        }
+        BuildSpec::LeafEnum(leaf_enum) => {
+            Some(format_ident!("{}", leaf_enum.build()))
+        }
+        BuildSpec::Struct(struct_spec) => {
+            Some(format_ident!("{}", struct_spec.build()))
+        }
+        BuildSpec::LeafStruct(leaf_struct) => {
+            Some(format_ident!("{}", leaf_struct.build()))
+        }
+        BuildSpec::Production(_) => None,
+        BuildSpec::NodeProduction(_) => None,
+        BuildSpec::PolymorphicType(polymorphic_type) => {
+            Some(format_ident!("{}", polymorphic_type.name()))
+        }
+        BuildSpec::PolymorphicEnumLoop(polymorphic_enum_loop) => {
+            Some(format_ident!("{}", polymorphic_enum_loop.name()))
+        }
+        BuildSpec::PolymorphicPassThrough(_) => None
+    }
+        .map(|type_ident| {
+            quote! {
+                AstNodeRef::#type_ident(inner) => *inner
+            }
+        })
 }

ast-generator/src/ast_node/polymorphic_enum_loop_ast_node.rs

@@ -28,20 +28,20 @@ pub fn make_polymorphic_enum_loop_ast_node_impl(
                 }
             };
             quote! {
-                children.push(self.#child_ident().as_node_ref())
+                children.push(self.#child_ident() as &dyn AstNode);
             }
         })
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     quote! {
-        impl AstNode for #type_ident {
+        impl<'a> AstNode<'a> for #type_ident {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>> {
-                let mut children: Vec<AstNodeRef> = vec![];
+                let mut children = vec![];
                 #(#child_adders;)*
                 children
             }
 
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef {
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a> {
                 AstNodeRef::#type_ident(&self)
             }
         }

ast-generator/src/ast_node/polymorphic_type_ast_node.rs

@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@ pub fn make_polymorphic_type_ast_node_impl(spec: &PolymorphicTypeBuildSpec) -> T
             let variant_ident = format_ident!("{}", variant.name());
             let child_ident = format_ident!("{}", variant.inner_kind().to_case(Case::Snake));
             quote! {
-                #type_ident::#variant_ident(#child_ident) => vec![#child_ident.as_node_ref()]
+                #type_ident::#variant_ident(#child_ident) => vec![#child_ident]
             }
         })
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     quote! {
-        impl AstNode for #type_ident {
+        impl<'a> AstNode<'a> for #type_ident {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>> {
                 match self {
                     #(#match_arms,)*
                 }
             }
 
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef {
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a> {
                 AstNodeRef::#type_ident(&self)
             }
         }

ast-generator/src/ast_node/struct_ast_node.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ pub fn make_struct_ast_node_impl(spec: &StructSpec) -> TokenStream {
                 VecChildBuild::Node(_) => {
                     let child_ident = format_ident!("{}", vec_child.name());
                     let children_stream = quote! {
-                        for child in self.#child_ident().map(AstNode::as_node_ref) {
+                        for child in self.#child_ident() {
-                            children.push(child);
+                            children.push(child as &dyn AstNode);
                         }
                     };
                     Some(children_stream)
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ pub fn make_struct_ast_node_impl(spec: &StructSpec) -> TokenStream {
                     if member_child.optional() {
                         Some(quote! {
                             if let Some(#child_ident) = self.#child_ident() {
-                                children.push(#child_ident.as_node_ref());
+                                children.push(#child_ident as &dyn AstNode);
                             }
                         })
                     } else {
                         Some(quote! {
-                            children.push(self.#child_ident().as_node_ref())
+                            children.push(self.#child_ident() as &dyn AstNode)
                         })
                     }
                 }
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ pub fn make_struct_ast_node_impl(spec: &StructSpec) -> TokenStream {
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     quote! {
-        impl AstNode for #type_ident {
+        impl<'a> AstNode<'a> for #type_ident {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>> {
-                let mut children: Vec<AstNodeRef> = vec![];
+                let mut children = vec![];
                 #(#child_adders;)*
                 children
             }
 
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef {
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a> {
                 AstNodeRef::#type_ident(&self)
             }
         }

ast-generator/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ mod spec;
 mod type_gen;
 mod walk;
 
-use crate::ast_node::{make_ast_enum_member, make_ast_node_impl};
+use crate::ast_node::{make_ast_enum_member, make_ast_node_impl, make_ast_node_ref_unwrapper};
 use crate::build_fn::make_build_fn;
 use crate::deserialize::deserialize_yaml_spec;
 use crate::pretty_print::make_pretty_print_impl;
@@ -165,6 +165,13 @@ fn generate_ast_node_file(build_specs: &[BuildSpec]) -> AstGeneratedFile {
         .map(Option::unwrap)
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
+    let inner_unwrappers = build_specs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|build_spec| make_ast_node_ref_unwrapper(build_spec))
+        .filter(Option::is_some)
+        .map(Option::unwrap)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
     let combined = quote! {
         use crate::ast::node::*;
 
@@ -172,10 +179,18 @@ fn generate_ast_node_file(build_specs: &[BuildSpec]) -> AstGeneratedFile {
             #(#ast_enum_members,)*
         }
 
-        pub trait AstNode {
+        impl<'a> AstNodeRef<'a> {
-            fn children(&self) -> Vec<AstNodeRef>;
+            pub fn inner(&self) -> &dyn AstNode<'a> {
+                match self {
+                    #(#inner_unwrappers,)*
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-            fn as_node_ref(&self) -> AstNodeRef;
+        pub trait AstNode<'a> {
+            fn children(&'a self) -> Vec<&'a dyn AstNode<'a>>;
+
+            fn as_node_ref(&'a self) -> AstNodeRef<'a>;
         }
 
         #(#impls)*

ast-generator/src/walk.rs

@@ -1,59 +1,16 @@
 use crate::spec::BuildSpec;
-use convert_case::{Case, Casing};
 use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
-use quote::{format_ident, quote};
+use quote::quote;
 
 pub fn make_walk_fn(specs: &[BuildSpec]) -> TokenStream {
-    let child_match_arms = specs
-        .iter()
-        .map(|spec| match spec {
-            BuildSpec::Enum(enum_spec) => Some((
-                format_ident!("{}", enum_spec.build()),
-                format_ident!("{}", enum_spec.build().to_case(Case::Snake)),
-            )),
-            BuildSpec::LeafEnum(leaf_enum) => Some((
-                format_ident!("{}", leaf_enum.build()),
-                format_ident!("{}", leaf_enum.build().to_case(Case::Snake)),
-            )),
-            BuildSpec::Struct(struct_spec) => Some((
-                format_ident!("{}", struct_spec.build()),
-                format_ident!("{}", struct_spec.build().to_case(Case::Snake)),
-            )),
-            BuildSpec::LeafStruct(leaf_struct) => Some((
-                format_ident!("{}", leaf_struct.build()),
-                format_ident!("{}", leaf_struct.build().to_case(Case::Snake)),
-            )),
-            BuildSpec::Production(_) => None,
-            BuildSpec::NodeProduction(_) => None,
-            BuildSpec::PolymorphicType(polymorphic_type) => Some((
-                format_ident!("{}", polymorphic_type.name()),
-                format_ident!("{}", polymorphic_type.name().to_case(Case::Snake)),
-            )),
-            BuildSpec::PolymorphicEnumLoop(polymorphic_enum_loop) => Some((
-                format_ident!("{}", polymorphic_enum_loop.name()),
-                format_ident!("{}", polymorphic_enum_loop.name().to_case(Case::Snake)),
-            )),
-            BuildSpec::PolymorphicPassThrough(_) => None,
-        })
-        .filter(Option::is_some)
-        .map(Option::unwrap)
-        .map(|(type_ident, inner_ident)| {
-            quote! {
-                #type_ident(#inner_ident) => walk_depth_first(#inner_ident, f)
-            }
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
     quote! {
         use crate::ast::node::*;
         use crate::ast::ast_node::*;
 
-        pub fn walk_depth_first(node: &impl AstNode, f: &mut impl FnMut(AstNodeRef)) {
+        pub fn walk_depth_first<'a>(node: &'a dyn AstNode<'a>, f: &mut impl FnMut(AstNodeRef<'a>)) {
             use AstNodeRef::*;
             for child in node.children() {
-                match child {
+                walk_depth_first(child, f);
-                    #(#child_match_arms,)*
-                }
             }
             f(node.as_node_ref());
         }

examples/worlds.dm

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ fn getWorlds() -> List<World> = [
 ]
 
 fn findWorldByColor(worlds: List<World>, color: String) -> String
-    worlds.find { it.color == color }
+    worlds.find { it -> it.color == color }
-        .map { it.name }
+        .map { it -> it.name }
         .expect "No world has the given color ${color}"
 end
 

src/ast/mod.rs

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ pub mod node {
                 OperatorInner::CallOp => "op_call",
                 OperatorInner::Index => "op_index",
             }
-        }    
+        }
     }
-    
+
     impl Default for Parameters {
         fn default() -> Self {
             Self::new(vec![])

src/bin/dmc/name_analysis.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn name_analysis(paths: &Vec<PathBuf>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
     let mut symbol_table = SymbolTable::new();
     add_std_core_symbols(&mut symbol_table).expect("Failed to add std::core symbols.");
 
-    let diagnostics = analyze_names(compilation_units.as_mut_slice(), &files, &mut symbol_table);
+    let diagnostics = analyze_names(&compilation_units, &files, &mut symbol_table);
     if diagnostics.is_empty() {
         println!("Name analysis complete.");
         println!("{}", symbol_table);

src/name_analysis/mod.rs

@@ -19,42 +19,46 @@ The resolve phase has one main responsibility: resolve all references based on t
 `scope_id` property.
 */
 
-use crate::ast::node::{CompilationUnit, VariableUse};
+// use crate::name_analysis::resolve::resolve_compilation_unit;
+use crate::ast::ast_node::AstNode;
+use crate::ast::node::CompilationUnit;
 use crate::diagnostic::DmDiagnostic;
 use crate::name_analysis::gather::gather_compilation_unit;
-// use crate::name_analysis::resolve::resolve_compilation_unit;
 use crate::name_analysis::symbol_table::SymbolTable;
 use codespan_reporting::files::Files;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use crate::name_analysis::scope_table::ScopeTable;
 
 pub(self) mod fqn_context;
 mod gather;
 // mod resolve;
 pub mod symbol;
 pub mod symbol_table;
+mod scope_table;
 
 pub fn analyze_names<'a, F: Files<'a, FileId = usize, Name = String>>(
-    compilation_units: &mut [Box<CompilationUnit>],
+    compilation_units: &[Box<CompilationUnit>],
     files: &'a F,
     symbol_table: &mut SymbolTable,
 ) -> Vec<DmDiagnostic> {
     let mut diagnostics = vec![];
-    let mut scope_ids: HashMap<VariableUse, usize> = HashMap::new();
+    let mut scope_table = ScopeTable::new();
 
     // gather symbols
-    for compilation_unit in compilation_units.iter_mut() {
+    for compilation_unit in compilation_units {
         let file_name = files.name(compilation_unit.file_id()).unwrap();
         gather_compilation_unit(
             compilation_unit,
             &file_name,
             symbol_table,
-            &mut scope_ids,
+            &mut scope_table,
             &mut diagnostics,
         );
     }
 
     // resolve symbols
-    for compilation_unit in compilation_units.iter_mut() {
+    for compilation_unit in compilation_units {
         // resolve_compilation_unit(compilation_unit, symbol_table, &mut diagnostics);
     }
 

src/name_analysis/scope_table/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use crate::ast::node::{FullyQualifiedName, VariableUse};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+pub struct ScopeTable<'a> {
+    variable_use_scopes: HashMap<&'a VariableUse, usize>,
+    fqn_scopes: HashMap<&'a FullyQualifiedName, usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> ScopeTable<'a> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            variable_use_scopes: HashMap::new(),
+            fqn_scopes: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert_variable_use_scope(&mut self, variable_use: &'a VariableUse, scope_id: usize) {
+        self.variable_use_scopes.insert(variable_use, scope_id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert_fqn_scope(&mut self, fqn: &'a FullyQualifiedName, scope_id: usize) {
+        self.fqn_scopes.insert(fqn, scope_id);
+    }
+    
+    pub fn variable_use_scope(&self, variable_use: &'a VariableUse) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.variable_use_scopes.get(&variable_use).copied()
+    }
+    
+    pub fn fqn_scope(&self, fqn: &'a FullyQualifiedName) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.fqn_scopes.get(&fqn).copied()
+    }
+}

src/name_analysis/symbol_table/mod.rs

@@ -45,8 +45,11 @@ impl SymbolTable {
 
     pub fn push_scope(&mut self, debug_name: &str) {
         let id = self.scopes.len();
-        self.scopes
+        self.scopes.push(Scope::new(
-            .push(Scope::new(Some(self.current_scope_id), id, debug_name.to_string()));
+            Some(self.current_scope_id),
+            id,
+            debug_name.to_string(),
+        ));
         self.current_scope_id = id;
     }
 
@@ -316,7 +319,61 @@ impl SymbolTable {
                 Some(&self.scopes[parent_id])
             } else {
                 None
+            };
+        }
+        Err(NoDefinition)
+    }
+
+    fn lookup_addressable_in_scope_by_identifier(
+        scope: &Scope,
+        identifier: &str,
+    ) -> Option<Symbol> {
+        scope
+            .variable_symbols()
+            .get(identifier)
+            .map(|variable_symbol| Symbol::Variable(variable_symbol.clone()))
+            .or_else(|| {
+                scope
+                    .parameter_symbols()
+                    .get(identifier)
+                    .map(|parameter_symbol| Symbol::Parameter(parameter_symbol.clone()))
+            })
+            .or_else(|| {
+                scope
+                    .class_member_symbols()
+                    .get(identifier)
+                    .map(|class_member_symbol| Symbol::ClassMember(class_member_symbol.clone()))
+            })
+            .or_else(|| {
+                scope
+                    .function_symbols()
+                    .get(identifier)
+                    .map(|function_symbol| Symbol::Function(function_symbol.clone()))
+            })
+            .or_else(|| {
+                scope
+                    .type_symbols()
+                    .get(identifier)
+                    .map(|type_symbol| Symbol::Type(type_symbol.clone()))
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn lookup_addressable_by_identifier(
+        &self,
+        identifier: &str,
+        scope_id: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Symbol, SymbolLookupError> {
+        let mut scope_opt = Some(&self.scopes[scope_id]);
+        while let Some(scope) = scope_opt {
+            if let Some(symbol) = Self::lookup_addressable_in_scope_by_identifier(scope, identifier)
+            {
+                return Ok(symbol);
             }
+            scope_opt = if let Some(parent_id) = scope.parent() {
+                Some(&self.scopes[parent_id])
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
         }
         Err(NoDefinition)
     }

src/parser/ast.yaml

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ Identifier:
       - range:
           kind: range
     derive:
-      - Clone
       - PartialEq
       - Eq
       - Hash
@@ -60,6 +59,10 @@ FullyQualifiedName:
       - identifiers:
           vec:
             rule: Identifier
+    derive:
+      - PartialEq
+      - Eq
+      - Hash
 
 # Lists
 TypeUseList:
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ IdentifierList:
       - identifiers:
           vec:
             rule: Identifier
-ParenthesesOptionalTypeUseList:
+ParenthesesTypeUseList:
   struct:
     children:
       - type_use_list:
@@ -90,19 +93,29 @@ TypeUse:
       - TupleTypeUse
       - FunctionTypeUse
 PrimitiveType:
-  leaf_enum:
+  tree_enum:
     rules:
-      - Byte
+      - Byte:
-      - Short
+          child: false
-      - Char
+      - Short:
-      - Int
+          child: false
-      - Long
+      - Char:
-      - Double
+          child: false
-      - Bool
+      - Int:
-      - String
+          child: false
+      - Long:
+          child: false
+      - Double:
+          child: false
+      - Bool:
+          child: false
+      - String:
+          child: false
       - TypedArray
-      - Any
+      - Any:
-      - Void
+          child: false
+      - Void:
+          child: false
 TypedArray:
   struct:
     children:
@@ -160,7 +173,7 @@ GenericParameters:
 TupleArguments:
   struct:
     children:
-      - parentheses_optional_type_use_list
+      - parentheses_type_use_list
 
 # Implements List
 ImplementsList:
@@ -656,7 +669,7 @@ IfClause:
           skip:
             rule: Then
       - statements:
-          skip:
+          vec:
             rule: Statement
 IfElseIf:
   struct:
@@ -704,7 +717,7 @@ ForStatement:
       - do_kw:
           skip:
             rule: Do
-      - statement:
+      - statements:
           vec:
             rule: Statement
       - end_kw:
@@ -731,7 +744,6 @@ VariableUse:
     children:
       - identifier
     derive:
-      - Clone
       - PartialEq
       - Eq
       - Hash

src/parser/deimos.pest

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ IdentifierList = {
     ~ ( "," ~ Identifier )*
 }
 
-ParenthesesOptionalTypeUseList = {
+ParenthesesTypeUseList = {
       "("
     ~ TypeUseList?
     ~ ")"
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ GenericParameters = {
 // Tuple Arguments
 
 TupleArguments = {
-    ParenthesesOptionalTypeUseList
+    ParenthesesTypeUseList
 }
 
 // Implements list

src/vm/mem/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::Mul;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Gc<T> {
+    inner: *mut GcInner,
+    data: *const T,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct GcInner {
+    color: GcColor,
+    size: usize,
+}
+
+impl GcInner {
+    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            color: GcColor::White,
+            size,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum GcColor {
+    White,
+    Black,
+}
+
+impl<T> Gc<T> {
+    pub fn new(data: T) -> Self {
+        let inner = Box::into_raw(Box::new(GcInner::new(size_of::<T>())));
+        let boxed_data = Box::into_raw(Box::new(data)) as *const T;
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            data: boxed_data,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_color(&mut self, color: GcColor) {
+        unsafe {
+            (*self.inner).color = color;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn color(&self) -> GcColor {
+        unsafe { (*self.inner).color }
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        unsafe { (*self.inner).size }
+    }
+
+    pub fn data(&self) -> &T {
+        unsafe { &*self.data }
+    }
+
+    pub fn dealloc(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            drop(Box::from_raw(self.inner));
+            drop(Box::from_raw(self.data as *mut T));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for Gc<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: self.inner,
+            data: self.data,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum DvmValue {
+    Primitive(usize),
+    Object(Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>),
+    Nil,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct DvmObject {
+    fields: Vec<DvmValue>,
+}
+
+impl DvmObject {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { fields: vec![] }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fields(&self) -> &[DvmValue] {
+        &self.fields
+    }
+
+    pub fn fields_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<DvmValue> {
+        &mut self.fields
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_garbage(
+    next_gc: &mut usize,
+    current_size: &mut usize,
+    stack: &Vec<DvmValue>,
+    gcs: &mut Vec<Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>>,
+) {
+    let mut gray_stack: Vec<Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>> = vec![];
+
+    for stack_value in stack {
+        match stack_value {
+            DvmValue::Object(gc) => {
+                if gc.color() == GcColor::White {
+                    gray_stack.push(gc.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    while let Some(mut current) = gray_stack.pop() {
+        for field in current.data().borrow().fields() {
+            match field {
+                DvmValue::Object(object) => {
+                    gray_stack.push(object.clone());
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        current.set_color(GcColor::Black);
+    }
+
+    let mut collected_size: usize = 0;
+
+    for i in (0..gcs.len()).rev() {
+        if gcs[i].color() == GcColor::White {
+            let mut gc = gcs.remove(i);
+            let size = gc.size();
+            *current_size -= size;
+            collected_size += size;
+            gc.dealloc();
+        } else {
+            gcs[i].set_color(GcColor::White);
+        }
+    }
+
+    *next_gc = std::cmp::max(1024 * 1024, current_size.mul(2));
+    println!(
+        "collected_size: {}, current_size: {}, next_gc: {}",
+        collected_size, current_size, next_gc
+    );
+}
+
+fn maybe_collect_garbage(
+    next_gc: &mut usize,
+    current_size: &mut usize,
+    stack: &Vec<DvmValue>,
+    gcs: &mut Vec<Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>>,
+) {
+    if current_size > next_gc {
+        collect_garbage(next_gc, current_size, stack, gcs);
+    }
+}
+
+fn alloc_dvm_object(
+    next_gc: &mut usize,
+    current_size: &mut usize,
+    stack: &Vec<DvmValue>,
+    gcs: &mut Vec<Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>>,
+) -> Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>> {
+    maybe_collect_garbage(next_gc, current_size, stack, gcs);
+    let mut object = DvmObject::new();
+    object.fields_mut().push(DvmValue::Nil);
+    let gc = Gc::new(RefCell::new(object));
+    *current_size += gc.size();
+    gcs.push(gc.clone());
+    gc
+}
+
+fn set_field(obj: &mut Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>, field_index: usize, value: DvmValue) {
+    let mut binding = obj.data().borrow_mut();
+    binding.fields_mut()[field_index] = value;
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::vm::mem::{alloc_dvm_object, collect_garbage, DvmObject, DvmValue, Gc};
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let mut stack: Vec<DvmValue> = vec![];
+        let mut heap: Vec<Gc<RefCell<DvmObject>>> = vec![];
+        let mut next_gc: usize = 1024 * 1024;
+        let mut current_size: usize = 0;
+        for i in 0..100_000_000 {
+            let mut o = alloc_dvm_object(&mut next_gc, &mut current_size, &stack, &mut heap);
+        }
+        collect_garbage(&mut next_gc, &mut current_size, &stack, &mut heap);
+    }
+}

src/vm/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ pub mod implementation;
 pub mod instruction;
 pub mod interface;
 pub mod lib;
+mod mem;
 pub mod method;
 pub mod object;
 pub mod op_codes;