diff --git a/sketching/hkt.dm b/sketching/hkt.dm
index 3f3065d..71c1a06 100644
--- a/sketching/hkt.dm
+++ b/sketching/hkt.dm
@@ -1,112 +1,88 @@
-pub hkt Monoid<T has A> {
-    identity: T
-    fn concat(first_item: A, second_item: A): T
-}
-
-pub hkt Monad<T has A> {
-    fn <B> map(mapper: fn (item: A): B): T<B>
-    fn <B> flat_map(mapper: fn (item: A): T<B>): T<B>
-}
-
 // Use this one!
-pub hkt Identity(a: A) {
-    fn identity() = a
+pub int Unit
+
+pub hkt Identity {
+    fn identity() = Self
 }
 
-pub hkt Monoid(a: A) : Identity(a) {
+pub int Addable<T : Addable<T>> {
+    fn op+(other: T): T
+}
+
+pub hkt Monoid<A : Addable<A>>(a: A) : Identity {
     fn concat(other: Self) = Self(a + other.a)
 }
 
-pub hkt Monad1(a: A) {
-    fn <B> map(mapper: fn (from: A): B) = Self(mapper(a))
-    fn <B> flat_map(mapper: fn (from: A): T<B>) = Self(mapper(b)?)
+pub hkt Monad1<A>(item: A) {
+    fn <B> map(m: fn (from: A): B) = item is A ? Self(m(item)) : self
+    fn <B> flat_map(m: fn (from: A): T<B>) = item is A ? m(item) : self
 }
 
-pub hkt Monad2<T has A, B> : Monad2<T> {
-    fn map_right(mapper: fn (right: B): B): T
-    fn flat_map_right(mapper: fn (right: B): T): T
-    fn fold_right(folder: fn (right: B): A): T
+pub hkt Monad2<A, B>(item: A | B) : Monad1<A>(item is A ? item : Unit) {
+    fn map_right(m: fn (right: B): B) = item is B ? Self(m(item)) : self
+    fn flat_map_right(m: fn (right: B): Self) = item is B ? m(item) : self
+    fn fold_right(f: fn (right: B): A) = item is B ? Self(f(item)) : self
 }
 
-pub hkt Reader<T has A...> : Monad<T> {
-    impl fn map(mapper) = Self(mapper(self))
-    impl fn flat_map(mapper) = mapper(self)?
-    fn bind(item: A): Self
-    fn bind_from(item_producer: fn (): A): Self
-    fn bind_from_map(item_mapper: fn (item: A): A): Self
-    fn bind_from_flat_map(item_mapper: fn (item: A): T): Self
-    fn ask(): A
-    fn use(user: fn (item: A): T): Self
+pub hkt Reader2<R, A, B>(readable: R, item: A, other: B) : Monad2<A, B>(item) {
+    fn read(reader: fn (readable: R): A) = Self(readable, reader(readable), other)
+    fn use(user: fn (readable: R): Unit) = Self(readable, user(readable), other)
 }
 
 pub enum type Option<T> : Monad1 {
-    Some(item: T) {
-        impl fn map(mapper) = Success(mapper(item))
-        impl fn flat_map(mapper) = mapper(item)?
-    },
-    None {
-        impl fn map = self
-        impl fn flat_map = self
-    }
+    Some(item),
+    None
 }
 
 pub enum type IO<T, E> : Monad2 {
-    Success(item: T) {
-        impl fn map(mapper) = Success(mapper(item))
-        impl fn flat_map(mapper) = mapper(item)?
-        impl fn map_right(mapper) = self
-        impl fn flat_map_right(mapper) = self
-        impl fn fold_right(folder) = self
-    }.
-    Failure(error: E) {
-        impl fn map(mapper) = self
-        impl fn flat_map(mapper) = self
-        impl fn map_right(mapper) = Failure(mapper(error))
-        impl fn flat_map_right(mapper) = mapper(error)?
-        impl fn fold_right(folder) = Success(folder(error))
-    }
+    Success(item: T),
+    Failure(error: E)
 }
 
 // usage in a file interface
-decl pub fn open_file(name: String): FileReader<IO<File, Error>>
+pub fn open_file(name: String): FileReader<Unit> {
+    try {
+        let file: LuaObject = lua {% fs.open(${name}) %}
+        return Success(
+            File {
+                name,
+                impl fn read_data() {
+                    lua {% ${file}.readAll() %}
+                }
+                impl fn close() {
+                    lua {% ${file}.close() %}
+                }
+            },
+            Unit
+        )
+    } catch (e: LuaError) {
+        return Failure(e)
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum type FileReader<R, E> : Reader2<File, R, E> {
+    Success(file: File, result: R) : Super(file, result, Unit),
+    Failure(error: E) : Super(file, Unit, error)
+}
 
 pub int File {
     name: String
-    fn read_data(): IO<String, Error>
-    fn close: IO<Void, Error>
+    fn read_data(): String
+    fn close()
 }
 
-pub type FileReader : Reader<IO<File, Error>> {
-    fld io: IO<File, Error>
+// usage in a main file, perhaps
 
-    impl fn bind(file) {
-        io = Success(file)
-    }
-
-    impl fn bind_from(producer) {
-        io = Success(producer())
-    }
-
-    impl fn bind_from_map(mapper) {
-        io = Success(mapper(io?))
-    }
-
-    impl fn bind_from_flat_map(flat_mapper) {
-        io = Success(flat_mapper(io?)?)
-    }
-
-    impl fn ask() = io?
-
-    impl fn use(user) = {
-        user(io?)
-        self
+match open_file('test.txt')
+    .read { f -> f.read_data() }
+    .map { data -> data.length() }
+{
+    Success(file, length) => {
+        f.close()
+        println(result)
+    },
+    Failure(error) => {
+        println(error.message)
     }
 }
 
-// some other file
-
-open_file('test.txt') // FileReader<IO<File, Error>>
-    .flat_map { f -> f.read_data() } // FileReader<IO<String, Error>>
-    .use { f -> f.close() } // FileReader<IO<String, Error>>
-    .ask()? // String
-